Strut Channel
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Strut channel, often referred to colloquially by one of several manufacturer trade names, is a standardized formed structural system used in the construction and electrical industries for light structural support, often for supporting wiring, plumbing, or mechanical components such as air conditioning or ventilation systems. A strut is usually formed from a metal sheet, folded over into an open channel shape with inwards-curving lips to provide additional stiffness and as a location to mount interconnecting components. Increasingly, struts are being constructed from fiberglass, a highly
corrosion Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engine ...
-resistant material that's known for its lightweight strength and rigidity. Struts usually have holes of some sort in the base, to facilitate interconnection or fastening strut to underlying building structures. The main advantage of strut channels in construction is that there are many options available for rapidly and easily connecting lengths together and other items to the strut channel, using various specialized strut-specific
fastener A fastener (US English) or fastening (UK English) is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together. In general, fasteners are used to create non-permanent joints; that is, joints that can be removed or disman ...
s and bolts. They can be assembled very rapidly with minimal tools and only moderately trained labor, which reduces costs significantly in many applications. A strut channel installation also can often be modified or added-to relatively easily if needed. The only alternative to strut channels for most applications is custom fabrication using steel bar stock and other commodity components, requiring welding or extensive drilling and bolting, which has none of the above advantages. The basic typical strut channel forms a box measuring about 41 mm × 41 mm (1 5/8 inch × 1 5/8 inch). There are several additional sizes and combined shapes manufactured.


Shapes

Basic strut channel comes in the open box section 41×41 mm (1 5/8 by 1 5/8 inch) square cross section. A half height 41×21 mm (1 5/8 inch wide, 13/16 inch tall) cross section version is also available, used mostly where mounted directly to a wall as it has significantly less stiffness and ability to carry loads across an open space or brace. A deep channel 62×41 mm (2 7/16 inches tall and 1 5/8 inch wide) is also manufactured. The material used to form the channel is typically
sheet metal Sheet metal is metal formed into thin, flat pieces, usually by an industrial process. Sheet metal is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Thicknesses can vary significantly; ex ...
with a thickness of 1.5 mm or 2.5 mm (12 or 14 gauge
gauge Gauge ( or ) may refer to: Measurement * Gauge (instrument), any of a variety of measuring instruments * Gauge (firearms) * Wire gauge, a measure of the size of a wire ** American wire gauge, a common measure of nonferrous wire diameter, es ...
;0.1046 inch or 0.0747 inch, respectively). Several variations are available with different hole patterns for mounting to walls and supports. Solid channel has no holes predrilled, and must either be drilled on site or mounted in another fashion. Punched channel has round holes, large enough for an
M16 The M16 rifle (officially designated Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16) is a family of military rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military. The original M16 rifle was a 5.56×45mm automatic rifle with a 20-roun ...
or 5/8 inch threaded steel rod or bolts, punched in the top of the channel at regular 48 mm (1 7/8 inch) centers. Half-slot channel has short, rounded end rectangular slots punched out on 50 mm (2 inch) centers. Slot channel has longer slots on 100 mm (4 inch) centers. In metric system based products, the eyelets are about 11×13 mm. In addition, shapes are manufactured with two lengths of channel welded together back to back, or three or four welded together in various patterns, to form stronger structural elements.


Materials

Strut is normally made of sheet
steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...
, with a zinc coating (
galvanized Galvanization or galvanizing ( also spelled galvanisation or galvanising) is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged ...
),
paint Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or solid mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture. Paint can be made in many ...
,
epoxy Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins. Epoxy resins, also known as polyepoxides, are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups. The epoxide functional group is also coll ...
,
powder coat Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. Unlike conventional liquid paint which is delivered via an evaporating solvent, powder coating is typically applied electrostatically and then cured under heat or ...
, or other finish. Strut channel is also manufactured from
stainless steel Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains at least 11% chromium and may contain elements such as carbon, other nonmetals and metals to obtain other desired properties. Stainless steel's corros ...
for use where rusting might become a problem (e.g., outdoors, facilities with corrosive materials), from
aluminium alloy An aluminium alloy (or aluminum alloy; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc. There are two principal ...
when weight is an issue or from
fiberglass Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass (Commonwealth English) is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. The fibers may be randomly arranged, flattened into a sheet called a chopped strand mat, or woven into glass cloth ...
for very corrosive environments.


Standards

The Metal Framing Manufacturers Association (MFMA) defines a standard for strut channel construction that allows multiple manufacturers' channels to be compatible. The current version of the standard, as of 2020, i
MFMA-4
Well-known manufacturers of strut channel, including Unistrut U.S., Cooper Industries/Eaton Corporation, and Thomas & Betts Corp./ABB Group, are members ofMFMA Website, retrieved 2020-08-13, http://www.metalframingmfg.org/members.cfm the MFMA and defined the standard.


Interconnection

The inwards-facing lips on the open side of strut channel are routinely used to mount special nuts, braces, connecting angles, and other types of interconnection mechanism or device to join lengths of strut channel together or connect pipes, wire, other structures, threaded rod, bolts, or walls into the strut channel structural system.


Usage

StrutHanger.JPG, An overhead electrical wire hanger manufactured from two lengths of strut channel and two lengths of threaded rod. StrutJoint.JPG, A length of standard half-slotted strut channel used as a brace, connected to a length of half-channel mounted directly to a wall, joined with a purpose-built channel connecting steel angle. StrutShelf.JPG, A shelf supporting electrical conduit and pipe, manufactured from strut channel SpringNutInPlace.jpg, Spring-loaded nut placed inside the channel allows connections with bolts Strut channel is used to mount, brace, support, and connect lightweight structural loads in building construction. These include pipes, electrical and data wire, mechanical systems such as ventilation, air conditioning, and other mechanical systems. Objects can be attached to the strut channel with a bolt, threaded into a channel nut, that may have a spring to ease installation. Circular objects such as pipes or cables may be attached with straps that have a shaped end to be retained by the channel. Strut channel is also used for other applications that require a strong framework, such as workbenches, shelving systems, equipment racks, etc. Specially made sockets are available to tighten nuts, bolts, etc. inside the channel, as normal sockets are unable to fit through the opening.


References

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